Microarray tools to unveil viral-microbe interactions in nature

*Correspondence: Josefa Antón, Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain e-mail: [email protected] The interactions between viruses and their microbial hosts play a central role in the control of microbial communities in nature. However, the study of such interactions within the uncultured majority is technically very challenging. Here, we review how microarray tools can be used to analyze the interactions between viruses and their microbial hosts in nature, away from laboratory pure culture-based models. We show examples of how DNA arrays have been used to study the expression of viral assemblages in natural samples, and to assign viruses to hosts within uncultured communities. Finally, we briefly discuss the possibilities of protein and glycan arrays to gain insight into the ways microbes interact with their viruses.